Endocrine Abstracts

Levothyroxine (L-T4) is the mainstay of treatment of hypothyroidism. Marked elevation of thyrotropin (TSH) in patients on high replacement doses is rare and can result from malabsorption, drug interaction or poor compliance. The levothyroxine absorption test is required to distinguish these causes and has proved to be safe. This test measures the serum free thyroxine (FT4) response to 1 mg of oral L-T4 over 4–24 h.Clinical cases: Case no 1: A 28-yea...

Acromegaly is a rare disorder usually caused by a benign tumour of the pituitary gland. Long-term presence of elevated growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels accompanying this disease is associated with complications such as heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnoea and arthropathy. Incidence of acromegaly is 3-5 patients per million per year. Klinefelter syndrome is ...

Currently in the UK children and young people with diabetes receive variable provision of care and support in educational settings. There are concerns that this impacts on the young person’s glycaemic control, their quality of life, and their educational performance and outcome. Whilst most paediatric diabetes teams provide training for school staff, it may take several days, even weeks, after diagnosis before a diabetes educator is able to attend the school to provide ed...

IntroductionAlthough most patients with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, some develop severe manifestations of the disease, leading to hospitalization and death. Previous studies reported that calcium played a central role in viral infections and replicative mechanisms of SARS-CoV. Hypocalcemia is a common finding among these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypocalcemia in a population of COVID-19 patients and to evaluate...

IntroductionSome studies have shown low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly lower in high-Killip (III + IV) patients compared with low-Killip (I + II) patients and in those who died after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared with those who survived beyond 30 days, which they called lipid paradox. Elevated levels of LDL and triglycerides are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, ...

BackgroundType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Heart Failure (HF) are two directly related diseases associated with considerable morbimortality. The prevalence of HF in T2DM populations is up to 20%, 4 times higher than the general population. Additionally, health-related quality of life, hospitalizations for HF (HHF) and mortality risk are more common when both are present. Hence, HHF risk assessment in T2DM patients may lead to prompt preventive interve...

IntroductionGlycemic control during hospitalization has an impact on the length of hospital stay (LOS) and infection rates. This knowledge has led to a growing concern with hyperglycemia and its repercussions.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the glycemic profile and diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment paradigm of hospitalized patients in a central hospital by main diagnosis and LOS.Me...

IntroductionMaturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is an autosomal dominant disease, diagnosed mainly in young individuals with a strong family history of diabetes, that results from mutations impairing pancreatic β cell function. The MODY 3 subtype, caused by a HNF1α mutation, with consequent deficit in insulin secretion, is the most frequent and responds more effectively to sulfonylureas, compared to metformin. Acromegaly is a rare condi...

IntroductionThe toxic solitary thyroid nodule is a major cause of hyperthyroidism, especially in iodine-deprived regions. The most widely used therapy is iodine-131, which is effective in achieving normal thyroid function and reducing nodule dimensions, however, it may induce hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of radioiodine therapy in patients with toxic solitary nodules and to determine predictive factors for the develop...

Introduction Immune reconstitution therapies (IRT), which include antibody-based cell-depleting therapies targeting CD52+ (alemtuzumab) or CD20+ (rituximab, ocrelizumab) leukocytes, are approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Thyroid autoimmunity is a common adverse effect of alemtuzumab treatment, Graves' disease being the most prevalent manifestation. To date, thyroid autoimmunity events have not been reported with CD20 targeting monoclonal a...